Kidney Failure & Renal Care

Nephrology

Nephrology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of renal illnesses. It examines the health and diseases of the kidneys. At the level of the T12 to L3 vertebral bodies, the kidneys are paired retroperitoneal organs. The fibrous capsule of the kidney is surrounded by pararenal fat. The renal sinus, which contains the renal pelvis, calyces, renal arteries, nerves, lymphatics, and perirenal fat, is separated from the renal parenchyma, which includes the renal cortex and medulla. Cortex and medulla are the two layers of the renal parenchyma. The renal medulla consists of 10–14 renal pyramids that are separated from one another by an extension of the renal cortex known as renal cortex, which remains just below the renal capsule.